An Immunohistochemical Study of Matrix Components in Early‐Stage Vascular Canals Within Mandibular Condylar Cartilage in Midterm Human Fetuses

Matrix components of vascular canals (VCs) in human fetal mandibular condylar cartilage (15–16 weeks of gestation) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Prevascular canals (PVCs), consisting of spindle‐shaped cells without capillary invasion, were observed within the cartilage. Intense immunoreactivity for collagen type I, weak immunoreactivity for aggrecan and tenascin‐C, weak hyaluronan (HA) staining, and abundant argyrophilic fibers in PVCs indicated that they contain noncartilaginous fibrous connective tissues that was different from those in the perichondrium/periosteum. These structural and immunohistochemical features of PVCs are different from those of previously reported cartilage canals of the long bone. Capillaries entered the VCs from the periosteum and ascended through VCs. Following capillary invasion, loose connective tissue had formed in the lower part of VCs, and immunoreactivity for collagen types I and III, tenascin‐C, and HA staining was evident in the matrix of loose connective tissue. No chondroclasts or osteogenic cells were seen at the front of capillary invasion, although small, mononuclear tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)‐positive cells were present. Meanwhile, TRAP‐positive, multinucleated chondroclasts and flattened, osteoblast‐like cells were observed in the loose connective tissue at the lower part of VCs. These results may indicate slow progress of endochondral ossification in human fetal mandibular condyle. Further, unique matrix components in PVCs/VCs, which were different from those in cartilage canals in long bone, may reflect the difference of speed of endochondral ossification in cartilage canals and human fetal mandibular condyles. Anat Rec, 298:1560–1571, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Assessment of the radiological safety of a Genoray portable dental X-ray unit

Objectives:

The portable dental radiographic systems are generally used in emergency situations (e.g. during natural disasters) for disabled/aged patients and in patient rooms. This study assesses the output exposure of a portable dental radiographic system measured using thermoluminescent dosemeters (TLDs).

Methods:

Occupational exposure of the operator was determined when the portable dental unit was used for mandibular and maxillary teeth exposure.

Results:

The doses of some critical organs of an operator were measured using TLDs implanted within the Rando phantom.

Conclusions:

Considering the annual organ dose limits, the eye lens dose limit is the main factor determining the frequency of system application.     

脐动脉舒张期血流消失时胎儿生长发育及出生情况分析

目的：分析晚孕期脐动脉舒张期血流信号消失时胎儿生长发育和出生时情况。方法采用彩色超声诊断仪检测脐动脉血流信号,对比分析脐动脉血流正常与脐动脉舒张期血流消失时胎儿的生长发育指标和出生时Apgar评分。结果脐动脉舒张期血流消失的胎儿生长发育小于孕龄的发生率明显高于正常组,出生时宫内窘迫的发生率也明显高于正常组。结论晚孕期脐动脉舒张期血流消失提示胎儿宫内缺氧,胎儿生长发育相对缓慢。     

当归补血汤主要吸收成分对GK大鼠肾保护作用研究

〖H观察当归补血汤主要吸收成分对2型糖尿病模型GK大鼠肾保护作用及可能机制。方法 UPLCMS/MS定性定量吸收入血活性成分(ABCs),确定ABCs组成,定量1g母方中ABCs浓度。GK大鼠按血糖随机分为模型组、当归补血汤组及吸收成分（ABCs）组,每组10只,给药组分别灌胃当归补血汤（4g/kg）、吸收入血的生物活性成分（剂量相当于母方含量,即咖啡酸5.36mg/kg,芒柄花素2.68mg/kg,毛蕊异黄酮2.56mg/kg,阿魏酸1.36mg/kg,黄芪甲苷0.45mg/kg,丁苯酞0.16mg/kg,蒿本内酯0.16mg/kg）,10只普通Wistar大鼠作为空白对照,给予等量生理盐水,每日1次,连续给药28d。观察指标:①肾脏系数、尿总蛋白和尿白蛋白;②肾组织氧化应激;③病理切片观察肾脏组织形态。结果 当归补血汤及ABCs均能够改善糖尿病大鼠的肾脏肥大,显著降低糖尿病模型大鼠尿总蛋白、尿白蛋白和肾脏MDA水平（P<0.05）,显著升高肾脏总SOD活力（P<0.05）,且对肾脏组织病理形态学有保护作用;与当归补血汤组比较,ABCs作用不如汤剂显著。结论 ABCs能够代表母方当归补血汤发挥对GK大鼠的肾保护作用,机制涉及氧化应激。母方中除ABCs外,其微量元素、氨基酸、多糖等其他成分也同时发挥着药效作用。     

胰岛素样生长因子-1在胎儿生长中的重要作用

目的检测孕产妇、新生儿胰岛素样生长因子-1(Insu lin-like grow th factor-I,IGF-1),探讨小于胎龄儿及宫内发育迟缓儿的发病机制。方法采用放射免疫法检测血清中IGF-1。比较小于胎龄儿与足月胎龄儿,早产孕妇和正常足月孕妇IGF-1含量,了解不同体重、不同胎龄、不同胎盘成熟胎儿及其孕妇母体的IGF-1水平差异。结果IGF-1随胎龄、胎重的增加而增高。表明IGF-1在胎儿生长发育中的重要调节作用。早期改善母体营养,达到改善胎儿宫内营养状况。结论在孕早、中期及时检测IGF-1含量,预防胎儿宫内发育迟缓,产前提高胎儿整体健康水平。     

胎儿脑中线部位囊肿与侧脑室宽度的关系探讨

目的 观察透明隔腔（第五脑室）、Verga腔（第六脑室）扩张对侧脑室宽度的影响。方法 分别测量20例胎儿的透明隔腔，Verga腔及侧脑室的相关数据并进行相关分析。结果 第五脑室宽度、第六脑室长度与侧脑室宽度无相关性，第六脑室宽度与侧脑室宽度有相关性，且呈正相关。结论 第六脑室度度与侧室宽度有一定相关性。